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In phonology, voicing (or sonorization) is a sound change where a voiceless consonant becomes voiced due to the influence of its phonological environment; shift in the opposite direction is referred to as devoicing or desonorization. Most commonly, the change is a result of sound assimilation with an adjacent sound of opposite voicing, but it can also occur word-finally or in contact with a specific vowel. For example, English suffix -s is pronounced () when it follows a voiceless phoneme (''cats''), and () when it follows a voiced phoneme (''dogs''). This type of assimilation is called ''progressive'', where the second consonant assimilates to the first; ''regressive'' assimilation goes in the opposite direction, as can be seen in ''have to'' (). ==English== English no longer has a productive process of voicing stem-final fricatives when forming noun-verb pairs or plural nouns. *belief - believe *life - live *proof - prove *strife - strive *thief - thieve *ba - bae *brea - breae *mou (n.) - mou (vb.) *shea - sheae *wrea - wreae *houe (n.) - houe (vb.) *ue (n.) - ue (vb.) Synchronically, the assimilation at morpheme boundaries is still productive, such as in: *cat + s → cats *dog + s → do *miss + ed → mi *whizz + ed → whi The voicing alternation found in plural formation is losing ground in the modern language,, and of the alternations listed below many speakers retain only the () pattern, which is supported by the orthography. This voicing is a relic of Old English, the unvoiced consonants between voiced vowels were 'colored' with voicing. As the language became more analytic and less inflectional, final vowels/syllables stopped being pronounced. For example, modern ''knives'' is a one syllable word instead of a two syllable word, with the vowel 'e' not being pronounced. However, the voicing alternation between and still occurs. *knife - knives *leaf - leaves *wife - wives *wolf - wolves The following mutations are optional: *ba - bas *mou - mous *oa - oas *pa - pas *you - yous *houe - houes Sonorants () following aspirated fortis plosives (that is, in the onsets of stressed syllables unless preceded by ) are devoiced such as in ''please'', ''crack'', ''twin'', and ''pewter''. ==In other languages== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Consonant voicing and devoicing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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